Table 3 Associated injuries of the hospitalized trauma patients

Head trauma, n (%)

 Cranial fracture

37 (10.6)

623 (6.0)

1.9 (1.32–2.67)

<0.001

 Epidural hematoma (EDH)

22 (6.3)

401 (3.8)

1.7 (1.09–2.64)

0.018

 Subdural hematoma (SDH)

38 (10.9)

770 (7.4)

1.5 (1.09–2.18)

0.013

 Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

51 (14.7)

869 (8.3)

1.9 (1.40–2.57)

<0.001

 Intracerebral hematoma (ICH)

14 (4.0)

169 (1.6)

2.6 (1.47–4.45)

0.001

 Cervical vertebral fracture

11 (3.2)

91 (0.9)

3.7 (1.97–7.02)

<0.001

Maxillofacial trauma, n (%)

 Orbital fracture

3 (0.9)

226 (2.2)

0.4 (0.13–1.24)

0.098

 Nasal fracture

6 (1.7)

120 (1.1)

1.5 (0.66–3.46)

0.323

 Maxillary fracture

31 (8.9)

680 (6.5)

1.4 (0.97–2.05)

0.074

 Mandibular fracture

14 (4.0)

265 (2.5)

1.6 (0.93–2.79)

0.084

Thoracic trauma, n (%)

 Rib fracture

56 (16.1)

833 (8.0)

2.2 (1.65–2.98)

<0.001

 Sternal fracture

3 (0.9)

14 (0.1)

6.5 (1.86–22.69)

0.001

Hemothorax

20 (5.7)

150 (1.4)

4.2 (2.60–6.77)

<0.001

 Pneumothorax

16 (4.6)

163 (1.6)

3.0 (1.80–5.15)

<0.001

 Hemopneumothorax

30 (8.6)

125 (1.2)

7.8 (5.16–11.81)

<0.001

 Lung contusion

15 (4.3)

111 (1.1)

4.2 (2.42–7.28)

<0.001

 Thoracic vertebral fracture

14 (4.0)

93 (0.9)

4.7 (2.64–8.29)

<0.001

Abdominal trauma, n (%)

 Intra-abdominal injury

18 (5.2)

126 (1.2)

4.5 (2.70–7.42)

<0.001

 Hepatic injury

42 (12.1)

182 (1.7)

7.8 (5.44–11.05)

<0.001

 Splenic injury

26 (7.5)

87 (0.8)

9.6 (6.13–15.14)

<0.001

 Retroperitoneal injury

10 (2.9)

12 (0.1)

25.8 (11.06–60.07)

<0.001

 Renal injury

12 (3.4)

45 (0.4)

8.3 (4.34–15.78)

<0.001

 Urinary bladder injury

3 (0.9)

17 (0.2)

5.3 (1.56–18.32)

0.003

 Lumbar vertebral fracture

14 (4.0)

179 (1.7)

2.4 (1.38–4.20)

0.001

 Sacral vertebral fracture

7 (2.0)

62 (0.6)

3.4 (1.57–7.58)

0.001

Extremity trauma, n (%)

 Scapular fracture

13 (3.7)

160 (1.5)

2.5 (1.41–4.45)

0.001

 Humeral fracture

15 (4.3)

468 (4.5)

1.0 (0.57–1.63)

0.886

 Radial fracture

28 (8.0)

1069 (10.2)

0.8 (0.52–1.14)

0.188

 Ulnar fracture

28 (8.0)

514 (4.9)

1.7 (1.14–2.52)

0.008

 Pelvic fracture

44 (12.6)

269 (2.6)

5.5 (3.91–7.70)

<0.001

 Femoral fracture

57 (16.4)

842 (8.0)

2.2 (1.67–3.00)

<0.001

 Tibial fracture

37 (10.6)

768 (7.3)

1.5 (1.06–2.13)

0.021

 Fibular fracture

26 (7.5)

425 (4.1)

1.9 (1.26–2.88)

0.002