Table 3 Unadjusted odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios of administration of intravenous epinephrine on secondary outcome (survival to discharge) among patients with traumatic cardiac arrest
Characteristics | Survival to discharge, n = 20 | Mortality at discharge, n = 494 | p-value | Unadjusted ORs and 95 % CI | Adjusted ORs and 95 % CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender-male, n (%) | 16 (80.0 %) | 332 (67.2 %) | 0.33 | 1.95 (0.64–5.93) | |
Age (median (Q1–Q3)) | 50.0 (35.0–72.0) | 48.0 (30.0–64.0) | 0.56 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | |
EMS Time: (median (Q1–Q3)) | |||||
Response | 5.0 (3.0–6.0) | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | 0.55 | 0.90 (0.74–1.11) | |
Scene | 11.0 (8.0–14.5) | 11.0 (8.0–14.0) | 0.93 | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) | |
Transport | 2.0 (2.0–5.5) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 0.32 | 0.93 (0.77–1.11) | |
Total prehospital time | 18.0 (14.5–28.0) | 20.0 (16.0–25.0) | 0.54 | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) | |
Witness, n (%) | 9 (45.0 %) | 185 (37.5 %) | 0.49 | 1.37 (0.56–3.36) | |
Bystander CPR, n (%) | 6 (30.0 %) | 104 (21.1 %) | 0.40 | 1.61 (0.60–4.28) | |
Shockable rhythm, n (%) | 9 (45.0 %) | 15 (3.0 %) | <0.01 | 26.1 (9.42–72.45) | 23.29 (8.08–67.15) |
Blunt injury, n (%) | 10 (50.0 %) | 378 (76.5 %) | 0.01 | 0.31 (0.12–0.76) | 0.45 (0.16–1.31) |
Advance airway, n (%) | 7 (35.0 %) | 117 (23.7 %) | 0.28 | 1.74 (0.68–4.45) | |
Destination at trauma center, n (%) | 16 (80.0 %) | 333 (67.4 %) | 0.33 | 1.93 (0.64–5.88) | |
Epinephrine, n (%) | 6 (30.0 %) | 37 (7.5 %) | <0.01 | 5.29 (1.92–14.58) | 2.94 (0.85–10.15) |