Table 2 Unadjusted odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios of administration of intravenous epinephrine on primary outcome (sustained ROSC for longer than 2 hours) among patients with traumatic cardiac arrest
Characteristics | With sustained ROSC, n = 101 | Without sustained ROSC, n = 413 | p-value | Unadjusted ORs and 95 % CI | Adjusted ORs and 95 % CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender-male, n (%) | 67 (66.3 %) | 281 (68.0 %) | 0.81 | 0.93 (0.58–1.47) | |
Age (median (Q1–Q3)) | 51.0 (35.0–69.5) | 46.0 (30.0–62.0) | 0.04 | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) |
EMS Time: (median (Q1–Q3)) | |||||
Response | 4.0 (3.0–6.0) | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | 0.09 | 0.95 (0.87–1.03) | |
Scene | 12.0 (8.0–15.0) | 11.0 (8.0–14.0) | 0.58 | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | |
Transport | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | <0.01 | 0.88 (0.80–0.97) | 0.87 (0.79–0.97) |
Total prehospital time | 19.0 (15.0–26.0) | 20.0 (16.0–25.0) | 0.21 | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) | |
Witness, n (%) | 45 (44.6 %) | 149 (36.1 %) | 0.14 | 1.42 (0.92–2.21) | |
Bystander CPR, n (%) | 29 (28.7 %) | 81 (19.6 %) | 0.06 | 1.65 (1.01–2.71) | |
Shockable rhythm, n (%) | 13 (12.9 %) | 11 (2.7 %) | <0.01 | 5.40 (2.34–12.45) | 5.05 (2.09–12.21) |
Blunt injury, n (%) | 64 (63.4 %) | 324 (78.5 %) | <0.01 | 0.48 (0.30–0.76) | 0.66 (0.38–1.13) |
Advance airway, n (%) | 32 (31.7 %) | 92 (22.3 %) | 0.05 | 1.62 (1.00–2.61) | |
Destination at trauma center, n (%) | 68 (67.3 %) | 281 (68.0 %) | 0.91 | 0.97 (0.61–1.54) | |
Epinephrine, n (%) | 18 (17.8 %) | 25 (6.1 %) | <0.01 | 3.37 (1.76–6.45) | 2.24 (1.05–4.81) |