Table 1 Comparisons of demographic data and outcomes of enrolled patients with traumatic cardiac arrest between epinephrine group and non-epinephrine group
Characteristics | All TCA | Epinephrine group | Non-epinephrine group | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of cases | 514 | 43 | 471 | |
Patient characteristics: (n (%); age: median (Q1–Q3)) | ||||
Gender-male | 348 (67.7 %) | 27 (62.8 %) | 321 (68.2 %) | 0.50 |
Age, median (Q1–Q3) | 48.0 (30.0–64.0) | 46.0 (35.0–75.0) | 48.0 (30.0–63.0) | 0.36 |
Witnessed | 194 (37.7 %) | 8 (18.6 %) | 186 (39.5 %) | <0.01 |
Bystander CPR | 110 (21.4 %) | 13 (30.2 %) | 97 (20.6 %) | 0.17 |
Shockable rhythm | 24 (4.7 %) | 5 (11.6 %) | 19 (4.0 %) | 0.04 |
Blunt injury | 388 (75.5 %) | 11 (25.6 %) | 377 (80.0 %) | <0.01 |
EMS variable: (time: median (Q1–Q3); n (%)) | ||||
Response time | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | 5.0 (4.0–7.0) | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | 0.07 |
Scene time | 11.0 (8.0–14.0) | 14.0 (12.0–17.0) | 11.0 (8.0–14.0) | <0.01 |
Transport time | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 0.23 |
Total prehospital time | 20.0 (16.0–25.0) | 23.0 (20.0–29.0) | 20.0 (16.0–25.0) | <0.01 |
Advance airway | 124 (24.1 %) | 32 (74.4 %) | 92 (19.5 %) | <0.01 |
Destination at trauma center | 349 (67.9 %) | 26 (60.5 %) | 323 (68.6 %) | 0.31 |
Patient outcomes: n (%) | ||||
Prehospital ROSC | 40 (7.8 %) | 5 (11.6 %) | 35 (7.4 %) | 0.37 |
Sustained ROSC | 101 (19.6 %) | 18 (41.9 %) | 83 (17.6 %) | <0.01 |
Survival to discharge | 20 (3.9 %) | 6 (14.0 %) | 14 (3.0 %) | <0.01 |
CPC–1 & CPC–2 | 12 (2.3 %) | 2 (4.7 %) | 11 (2.3 %) | 0.30 |