From: Predictors of the development of post-snakebite compartment syndrome
Characteristics | All patient (N = 136) | Non-PSCS group (N = 127) | PSCS group (N = 9) | p value* |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 51.5 ± 17.0 | 51.4 ± 17.0 | 52.2 ± 17.2 | 0.955 |
Gender (n, %) | ||||
Male | 101 (74.3 %) | 95 (74.8 %) | 6 (66.7 %) | 0.694 |
Female | 35 (25.7 %) | 32 (25.2 %) | 3 (33.3 %) | |
Time from injury to ED (hours) | 5.8 ± 11.2 | 5.8 ± 11.5 | 5.8 ± 6.2 | 0.069 |
Snake species (n, %) | ||||
Unknown species | 72 (52.9 %) | 67 (52.8 %) | 5 (55.6 %) | 0.996 |
Taiwan Habu (Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus) | 31 (22.8 %) | 29 (22.8 %) | 2 (22.2 %) | |
Bamboo viper (Trimeresurus stejnegeri) | 17 (12.6 %) | 16 (12.6 %) | 1 (11.1 %) | |
Russell’s pit viper (Daboia russellii formosensis) | 3 (2.2 %) | 3 (2.4 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | |
Taiwan cobra (Naja naja atra) | 12 (8.8 %) | 11 (8.7 %) | 1 (11.1 %) | |
Taiwan banded krait (Bungarus multicinctus) | 1 (0.7 %) | 1 (0.8 %) | 0 (0 %) | |
Initial GCS (n, %) | ||||
GCS = 15 | 136 (100 %) | 127 (100 %) | 9 (100 %) | 1.000 |
Initial blood pressure (n, %) | ||||
SBP ≥ 90 mmHg | 136 (100 %) | 127 (100 %) | 9 (100 %) | 1.000 |
Laboratory data | ||||
WBC (/uL)(mean ± SD) | 8910 ± 3710 | 8600 ± 3500 | 12660 ± 4360 | 0.006 |
Seg (%) (mean ± SD) | 64.4 ± 14.7 | 62.9 ± 14.1 | 82.7 ± 6.8 | <0.001 |
INR (mean ± SD) | 1.03 ± 0.92 | 1.03 ± 0.07 | 1.13 ± 0.24 | 0.155 |
Cr (mg/dL) (mean ± SD) | 0.87 ± 0.22 | 0.86 ± 0.22 | 0.88 ± 0.19 | 0.525 |
AST (U/L) (mean ± SD) | 37.9 ± 29.5 | 30.96 ± 12.68 | 103.00 ± 64.05 | <0.001 |
ALT (U/L) (mean ± SD) | 26.1 ± 15.3 | 24.82 ± 14.64 | 40.43 ± 16.65 | 0.008 |
Myoglobin (ng/mL) (median, IQR) | 34.7 (20.8 – 64.3) | 33.1 (20.0 – 59.7) | 52.0 (34.3 – 1259.4) | 0.123 |
CRP (mg/L) (median, IQR) | 1.0 (0.4 -4.9) | 1.0 (0.4 -4.9) | 2.8 (0.9 -6.4) | 0.275 |
Admission (n, %) | ||||
Yes | 62 (45.6 %) | 53 (41.7 %) | 9 (100 %) | 0.001 |
No | 74 (54.4 %) | 74 (58.3 %) | 0 (0 %) | |
Length of hospital stay (day) (mean ± SD) | 4.2 ± 6.7 | 3.3 ± 4.2 | 17.2 ± 16.7 | <0.001 |