Factors that may improve outcomes of early traumatic brain injury care: prospective multicenter study in Austria

Table 3 Recommended treatment options

	Phase 1		Phase 2		Total		p-value*
Transport	n	%	n	%	n	%
Direct	317	78	282	87	599	82	<0.01
Secondary	70	17	32	10	102	14
Unknown	21	5	11	3	32	4
Total	408	100	325	100	733	100
Time intervals	n	%	n	%	n	%
EMS arrival - hospital admission <60 min	167	41	197	61	364	50	<0.01
Hospital admission - CT scan <60 min	269	66	242	74	511	70	0.854
Hospital admission - OR <120	131	32	118	36	249	34	0.995
Prehospital monitoring	n	%	n	%	n	%
Pulse oximetry used	298	73	284	87	582	79	0.969
Blood pressure monitoring used	291	71	267	82	558	76	0.966
Capnography in ventilated patients	123	57	131	78	254	35	0.121
Prehospital ventilation	n	%	n	%	n	%
Hyperventilation (pCO2 < 35 mmHg)	81	20	47	14	128	17	0.083
Normoventialtion (pCO2 35–42 mmHg)	64	16	59	18	123	17
Hypoventilation (pCO2 > 42 mmHg)	10	2	13	4	23	3
Unknown	253	62	206	63	459	63
Total	408	100	325	100	733	100
Prehospital fluid resuscitation	n	%	n	%	n	%
Ringer's lactate	109	27	65	20	174	24	0.096
Ringer's solution	102	25	110	34	212	29	0.148
Other electrolyte solution	71	17	74	23	145	20	0.283
Colloids	105	26	59	18	164	22	<0.05
Hypertonic saline	22	5	15	5	37	5	0.665
Other treatment options	n	%	n	%	n	%
Trombelastometry done	99	24	129	40	228	31	0.212
Corticosteroids given	15	4	3	1	18	2	0.045

Legend: CT Computed Tomography, OR Operation Room, EMS Emergency Medical Service, pCO2 Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide
*The tests were applied only on known values

ISSN: 1757-7241