From: Survival predictor for penetrating cardiac injury; a 10-year consecutive cohort from a scandinavian trauma center
Prehospitally
Chest drain
2
Endotracheal intubation
5
At ED
11
Blood transfusions
20* (1–10)
ED thoracotomy
21
Median sternotomy
Anterolateral thoracotomy
Both incisions
Cardiopulmonary bypass
1
Thoracotomy at OR
3
Laparotomy