Variable | ≤2 times ( n = 13,565) | ≥3 times ( n = 7,286) | P -value |
---|---|---|---|
(OHCA patients) | Â | Â | Â |
Age (yr) (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) | 66.19 ± 15.32 | 64.09 ± 15.07 | <.0001 |
Sex (male), no. (%) | 10430 (76.89) | 5938 (81.50) | <.0001 |
Origin of OHCA (cardiac origin), no. (%) | 11863 (87.45) | 6735 (92.44) | <.0001 |
Relationship between bystander and patient (family member), no. (%) | 6997 (51.58) | 4197 (57.60) | <.0001 |
(CPR initiated by bystander) | Â | Â | Â |
Chest compressions (yes), no. (%) | 6167 (45.46) | 3514 (48.23) | <.0001 |
Rescue breathing (yes), no. (%) | 1446 (10.66) | 782 (10.73) | .8705 |
(Life support by EMS personnel) | Â | Â | Â |
Emergency life-saving technician in ambulance (yes), no. (%) | 13169 (97.08) | 7115 (97.65) | .0154 |
Advanced life support by MD (yes), no. (%) | 1628 (12.00) | 1020 (14.00) | <.0001 |
Time from call to arrival at scene (min) (mean ± SD) | 7.05 ± 3.24 | 7.17 ± 3.27 | .0159 |
Time from call to arrival at hospital (min) (mean ± SD) | 32.96 ± 15.88 | 35.02 ± 14.67 | <.0001 |
Use of ALS devices (laryngeal mask/an adjunct airway/ tracheal tubes), no. (%) | 4946 (36.46) | 3494 (47.95) | <.0001 |
Epinephrine use (yes), no. (%) | 2207 (16.27) | 2437 (33.45) | <.0001 |
Time from the first defibrillation to the first ROSC before hospital arrival (min) (mean ± SD) | 6.27 ± 9.63 | 11.91 ± 8.09 | <.0001 |
Number of defibrillations by EMS personnel (mean ± SD) | 1.38 (0.49) | 4.18 (1.55) | <.0001 |
Proportions of the number of defibrillations (%) | Â | Â | <.0001 |
1 | 8403 (61.95) | 0 (0.00) | Â |
≥2 | 5162 (38.05) | 7286 (100.00) |  |
Frequency of patients who took ≤1 min. from the first defibrillation to the first ROSC before hospital arrival (%) | 2393 (17.64) | 350 (4.81) | <.0001 |
(Endpoint) | Â | Â | Â |
1-month survival after cardiac arrest (yes), no. (%) | 4677 (34.48) | 1803 (24.75) | <.0001 |
ROSC (yes), no. (%) | 5188 (38.25) | 1688 (23.17) | <.0001 |