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Table 4 Characteristics of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients who received biphasic defibrillation treatment before hospital arrival according to the number of defibrillations

From: The number of prehospital defibrillation shocks and 1-month survival in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Variable

≤2 times ( n = 13,565)

≥3 times ( n = 7,286)

P -value

(OHCA patients)

   

Age (yr) (mean ± standard deviation [SD])

66.19 ± 15.32

64.09 ± 15.07

<.0001

Sex (male), no. (%)

10430 (76.89)

5938 (81.50)

<.0001

Origin of OHCA (cardiac origin), no. (%)

11863 (87.45)

6735 (92.44)

<.0001

Relationship between bystander and patient (family member), no. (%)

6997 (51.58)

4197 (57.60)

<.0001

(CPR initiated by bystander)

   

Chest compressions (yes), no. (%)

6167 (45.46)

3514 (48.23)

<.0001

Rescue breathing (yes), no. (%)

1446 (10.66)

782 (10.73)

.8705

(Life support by EMS personnel)

   

Emergency life-saving technician in ambulance (yes), no. (%)

13169 (97.08)

7115 (97.65)

.0154

Advanced life support by MD (yes), no. (%)

1628 (12.00)

1020 (14.00)

<.0001

Time from call to arrival at scene (min) (mean ± SD)

7.05 ± 3.24

7.17 ± 3.27

.0159

Time from call to arrival at hospital (min) (mean ± SD)

32.96 ± 15.88

35.02 ± 14.67

<.0001

Use of ALS devices (laryngeal mask/an adjunct airway/ tracheal tubes), no. (%)

4946 (36.46)

3494 (47.95)

<.0001

Epinephrine use (yes), no. (%)

2207 (16.27)

2437 (33.45)

<.0001

Time from the first defibrillation to the first ROSC before hospital arrival (min) (mean ± SD)

6.27 ± 9.63

11.91 ± 8.09

<.0001

Number of defibrillations by EMS personnel (mean ± SD)

1.38 (0.49)

4.18 (1.55)

<.0001

Proportions of the number of defibrillations (%)

  

<.0001

1

8403 (61.95)

0 (0.00)

 

≥2

5162 (38.05)

7286 (100.00)

 

Frequency of patients who took ≤1 min. from the first defibrillation to the first ROSC before hospital arrival (%)

2393 (17.64)

350 (4.81)

<.0001

(Endpoint)

   

1-month survival after cardiac arrest (yes), no. (%)

4677 (34.48)

1803 (24.75)

<.0001

ROSC (yes), no. (%)

5188 (38.25)

1688 (23.17)

<.0001