Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) who received a biphasic defibrillation shock before hospital arrival (n = 20,851)
Variables | Â |
|---|---|
(OHCA patients) | Â |
Age (yr) (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) | 65.73 ± 15.28 |
Sex (male), no. (%) | 16368 (78.50) |
Origin of OHCA (cardiac origin), no. (%) | 18598 (89.19) |
Relationship between bystander and patient (family member), no. (%) | 11194 (53.69) |
(CPR initiated by bystander) | Â |
Chest compressions (yes), no. (%) | 9681 (46.43) |
Rescue breathing (yes), no. (%) | 2228 (10.69) |
(Life support by EMS personnel) | Â |
Emergency life-saving technician in ambulance (yes), no. (%) | 20284 (97.28) |
Advanced life support by MD (yes), no. (%) | 2648 (12.70) |
Time from call to arrival at scene (min) (mean ± SD) | 7.09 ± 3.25 |
Time from call to arrival at hospital (min) (mean ± SD) | 33.68 ± 15.50 |
Use of ALS devices (laryngeal mask/an adjunct airway/ tracheal tubes), no. (%) | 8440 (40.48) |
Epinephrine use (yes), no. (%) | 4644 (22.27) |
Time from the first defibrillation to the first ROSC before hospital arrival (min) (mean ± SD) | 7.67 ± 9.59 |
Number of defibrillations by EMS personnel (mean ± SD) | 2.36 ± 1.67 |
Proportions of the number of defibrillations (%) | Â |
1 | 8403 (40.30) |
≥2 | 12448 (59.70) |
Frequency of patients who took ≤1 min. from the first defibrillation to the first ROSC before hospital arrival (%) | 2743 (13.16) |
(Endpoint) | Â |
1-month survival after cardiac arrest (yes), no. (%) | 6480 (31.08) |
ROSC (yes), no. (%) | 6876 (32.98) |