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Table 1 Patient characteristics at the scene and the emergency department

From: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in near-drowning patients with cardiac or pulmonary failure

Variable

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Age (years)

12

42

9

55

26

18

49

39

48

Sex

F

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

Scene

         

Location of drowning

River

River

Pool

River

Lake

River

Pool

River

River

Precipitating events

no

Alcohol

no

Alcohol

no

no

Alcohol

Alcohol

Alcohol

Submersion duration (min)

2

7.5

3

5

20

5

5

2

5

Time interval to EMS arrival (min)

31

21

21

Unknown

31

5

21

22

57

CPR by EMS

n

y

y

y

y

n

y

y

n

ED

         

Time interval to ED (min)

43

79

30

237

36

35

40

94

107

ROSC at arrival to ED

y

y

y

y

n

y

n

y

y

Level of consciousness at ED

Alert

Stupor

Stupor

Stupor

Coma

Alert

Coma

Alert

alert

GCS score

15

6

9

7

3

15

3

15

12

Pupil reflex

p

s

p

s

f

p

f

p

p

SaO2 (%)

88

58

91

76

Unchecked

78

72

68

75

Body temperature (°C)

36

36

35

35

Unchecked

37

34

36.8

34.5

  1. F, female; M, male; min, minutes; EMS, emergency medical service; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; n, no; y, yes; ED, emergency department; ROSC, recovery of spontaneous circulation; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; p, prompt; s, sluggish; f, fixed; SaO2, arterial oxygen saturation.