Variable
|
Measure or Category
|
IMPACT Core (mortality)
|
IMPACT Core (unfavourable)
|
IMPACT Extended (mortality)
|
IMPACT Extended (unfavourable)
|
Crash basic (mortality)
|
Crash basic (unfavourable)
|
Nijmegen DCM (mortality)
|
Nijmegen DCM (unfavourable)
|
---|
M
|
R
|
M
|
R
|
M
|
R
|
M
|
R
|
M
|
R
|
M
|
R
|
M
|
R
|
M
|
R
|
---|
Age, years > 16
|
OR per year
|
1.04
|
1.05
|
1.04
|
1.04
|
1.03
|
1.04
|
1.03
|
1.04
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1.06
|
1.06
|
1.05
|
1.04
|
Age, years >40
|
OR per year
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1.07
|
1.07
|
1.08
|
1.07
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
GCS
|
OR per point increase
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
0.8
|
0.8
|
0.8
|
0.8
|
0.9
|
0.9
|
0.9
|
0.9
|
Motor GCS
|
None (1)
|
4.3
|
3.9
|
4.0
|
3.4
|
3.3
|
2.1
|
3.4
|
2.5
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Extension (2)
|
4.0
|
4.7
|
8.0
|
2.7
|
3.3
|
2.7
|
6.4
|
2.3
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Abnormal flexion (3)
|
2.2
|
2.2
|
3.5
|
2.1
|
2.1
|
1.7
|
3.3
|
1.5
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Normal flexion (4)
|
1.5
|
1.7
|
1.9
|
1.4
|
1.4
|
1.6
|
1.8
|
1.2
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Localizes/obeys (5/6)
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Untestable / missing (9)
|
1.7
|
3.9
|
2.4
|
3.3
|
1.5
|
1.9
|
2.3
|
1.6
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Pupillary reactivity
|
Both pupils reactive
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
One pupil reactive
|
1.7
|
1.3
|
1.8
|
1.5
|
1.4
|
1.6
|
1.6
|
1.6
|
3.1
|
1.2
|
2.6
|
1.1
|
1.9
|
1.14
|
1.8
|
1.2
|
No pupil reactive
|
3.4
|
15.5
|
3.4
|
8.9
|
2.6
|
10.2
|
2.7
|
5.2
|
5.3
|
12.2
|
3.3
|
7.7
|
13.2
|
15.3
|
10.9
|
9.3
|
Major extra-cranial injury
|
Yes
|
-
| |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1.4
|
1.1
|
1.6
|
1.1
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Hypoxia
|
Yes or suspected
|
-
| |
-
|
-
|
1.3
|
2.1
|
1.4
|
2.2
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Hypotension
|
Yes or suspected
|
-
| |
-
|
-
|
2.0
|
2.4
|
1.9
|
2.1
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2.2
|
1.5
|
3.1
|
2.0
|
CT classification
|
Diffuse injury (I)
|
-
| |
-
|
-
|
0.7
|
0.6
|
1.7
|
0.5
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Diffuse injury (II)
|
-
| |
-
|
-
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Diffuse injury (III/IV)
|
-
| |
-
|
-
|
2.2
|
5.3
|
1.7
|
2.7
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Mass lesion evacuated or non-evacuated (V/VI)
|
-
| |
-
|
-
|
1.9
|
6.4
|
1.6
|
6.5
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
tSAH
|
Yes
|
-
| |
-
|
-
|
1.8
|
1.4
|
1.8
|
1.3
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
EDH
|
Yes
|
-
| |
-
|
-
|
0.7
|
0.7
|
0.6
|
0.6
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
- M = model; R = refitted; GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale; tSAH = Traumatic Subarachnoid Haemorrhage; EDH = Epidural Hematoma; Ref = reference category; OR = odds ratio.