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Table 3 Predictors effects on outcomes in the prognostic models and in the refitted models on INRO-PH validation dataset (Odds Ratios)

From: Performance of IMPACT, CRASH and Nijmegen models in predicting six month outcome of patients with severe or moderate TBI: an external validation study

Variable

Measure or Category

IMPACT Core (mortality)

IMPACT Core (unfavourable)

IMPACT Extended (mortality)

IMPACT Extended (unfavourable)

Crash basic (mortality)

Crash basic (unfavourable)

Nijmegen DCM (mortality)

Nijmegen DCM (unfavourable)

M

R

M

R

M

R

M

R

M

R

M

R

M

R

M

R

Age, years > 16

OR per year

1.04

1.05

1.04

1.04

1.03

1.04

1.03

1.04

-

-

-

-

1.06

1.06

1.05

1.04

Age, years >40

OR per year

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.07

1.07

1.08

1.07

-

-

-

-

GCS

OR per point increase

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

Motor GCS

None (1)

4.3

3.9

4.0

3.4

3.3

2.1

3.4

2.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Extension (2)

4.0

4.7

8.0

2.7

3.3

2.7

6.4

2.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Abnormal flexion (3)

2.2

2.2

3.5

2.1

2.1

1.7

3.3

1.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Normal flexion (4)

1.5

1.7

1.9

1.4

1.4

1.6

1.8

1.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Localizes/obeys (5/6)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Untestable / missing (9)

1.7

3.9

2.4

3.3

1.5

1.9

2.3

1.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Pupillary reactivity

Both pupils reactive

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

One pupil reactive

1.7

1.3

1.8

1.5

1.4

1.6

1.6

1.6

3.1

1.2

2.6

1.1

1.9

1.14

1.8

1.2

No pupil reactive

3.4

15.5

3.4

8.9

2.6

10.2

2.7

5.2

5.3

12.2

3.3

7.7

13.2

15.3

10.9

9.3

Major extra-cranial injury

Yes

-

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.4

1.1

1.6

1.1

-

-

-

-

Hypoxia

Yes or suspected

-

 

-

-

1.3

2.1

1.4

2.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Hypotension

Yes or suspected

-

 

-

-

2.0

2.4

1.9

2.1

-

-

-

-

2.2

1.5

3.1

2.0

CT classification

Diffuse injury (I)

-

 

-

-

0.7

0.6

1.7

0.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Diffuse injury (II)

-

 

-

-

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Diffuse injury (III/IV)

-

 

-

-

2.2

5.3

1.7

2.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mass lesion evacuated or non-evacuated (V/VI)

-

 

-

-

1.9

6.4

1.6

6.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

tSAH

Yes

-

 

-

-

1.8

1.4

1.8

1.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

EDH

Yes

-

 

-

-

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

  1. M = model; R = refitted; GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale; tSAH = Traumatic Subarachnoid Haemorrhage; EDH = Epidural Hematoma; Ref = reference category; OR = odds ratio.
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Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

ISSN: 1757-7241