Performance of IMPACT, CRASH and Nijmegen models in predicting six month outcome of patients with severe or moderate TBI: an external validation study

Table 1 Description of prognostic models used in the validation study and their development characteristics

Model	N at development	Development setting	Data collection period	Predictors used in model	Outcome measures
IMPACT Core	8,509	8 RCTs, 3 observational studies, multi-centre, multi-country	1984-1997	Age, GCS motor score, pupillary reactivity	6 month mortality, 6 month unfavourable outcome
IMPACT extended	8,509		1984-1997	Core model predictors and CT classification, hypoxia, hypotension, tSAH, EDH	6 month mortality, 6 month unfavourable outcome
CRASH basic	10,008	RCT, multi-centre, multi-country	1999-2004	Age, GCS, pupillary reactivity, presence of major extra-cranial injury	14 day mortality, 6 month unfavourable outcome
Nijmegen Clinical and demographic	700	Observational study, single centre (Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands)	1998-2006	Age, pupil s reactivity, GCS, hypotension	6 month mortality, 6 month unfavourable outcome

RCT = Randomized Clinical Trial; GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale; CT = Computed Tomography; tSAH = Traumatic Subarachnoid Haemorrhage; EDH = Epidural hematoma.

ISSN: 1757-7241