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Table 3 Adjusted HRs of ischemic stroke for patients who survived longer than 12 months

From: Increased risk of ischemic stroke in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: a nationwide cohort study

Mild TBI group (n = 24,905)

Control group (n = 719,811)

Variables

Hazard ratio

95% confidence interval

P-value

MildTBI

1.38

1.20–1.59

<0.001

Male

1.49

1.42–1.56

<0.001

Patient age

1.07

1.06–1.07

<0.001

Socioeconomic status

   

Low

1

--

--

Moderate

0.84

0.79–0.89

<0.001

High

0.53

0.47–0.61

<0.001

Urbanization level

   

Urban

1

--

--

Suburban

1.15

1.08–1.22

<0.001

Rural

1.36

1.27–1.46

<0.001

Diabetes

1.57

1.48–1.67

<0.001

Hypertension

1.74

1.64–1.84

<0.001

Coronary artery disease

1.46

1.39–1.54

<0.001

Hyperlipidemia

0.90

0.85–0.96

0.001

History of alcohol intoxication

1.27

1.00–1.62

0.050

Malignancies

1.06

0.97–1.16

0.191

Charlson Comorbidity Index score

   

0

1

--

--

1

1.32

1.23–1.41

<0.001

≥ 2

1.46

1.36–1.57

<0.001

Heart failure

1.11

1.00–1.22

0.041

Atrial fibrillation

1.47

1.27–1.69

<0.001

Smoking

1.14

0.89–1.46

0.314

Obesity

1.28

0.91–1.82

0.161

Epilepsy

2.04

1.71–2.42

<0.001

Peripheral artery disease

1.09

0.93–1.27

0.305

  1. Statistical results with p<0.05 were presented in boldface.