Mild TBI group (n = 24,905) | Control group (n = 719,811) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Variables | Hazard ratio | 95% confidence interval | P-value |
MildTBI | 1.38 | 1.20–1.59 | <0.001 |
Male | 1.49 | 1.42–1.56 | <0.001 |
Patient age | 1.07 | 1.06–1.07 | <0.001 |
Socioeconomic status | |||
Low | 1 | -- | -- |
Moderate | 0.84 | 0.79–0.89 | <0.001 |
High | 0.53 | 0.47–0.61 | <0.001 |
Urbanization level | |||
Urban | 1 | -- | -- |
Suburban | 1.15 | 1.08–1.22 | <0.001 |
Rural | 1.36 | 1.27–1.46 | <0.001 |
Diabetes | 1.57 | 1.48–1.67 | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 1.74 | 1.64–1.84 | <0.001 |
Coronary artery disease | 1.46 | 1.39–1.54 | <0.001 |
Hyperlipidemia | 0.90 | 0.85–0.96 | 0.001 |
History of alcohol intoxication | 1.27 | 1.00–1.62 | 0.050 |
Malignancies | 1.06 | 0.97–1.16 | 0.191 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index score | |||
0 | 1 | -- | -- |
1 | 1.32 | 1.23–1.41 | <0.001 |
≥ 2 | 1.46 | 1.36–1.57 | <0.001 |
Heart failure | 1.11 | 1.00–1.22 | 0.041 |
Atrial fibrillation | 1.47 | 1.27–1.69 | <0.001 |
Smoking | 1.14 | 0.89–1.46 | 0.314 |
Obesity | 1.28 | 0.91–1.82 | 0.161 |
Epilepsy | 2.04 | 1.71–2.42 | <0.001 |
Peripheral artery disease | 1.09 | 0.93–1.27 | 0.305 |