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Table 5 Patients classified by BD (classes I to IV): haemostatic and fluid resuscitation

From: The impact of severe traumatic brain injury on a novel base deficit- based classification of hypovolemic shock

 

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

BD ≤ 2.0 (none to minimal)

BD >2.0 to 6.0 (mild)

BD > 6.0 to 10.0 (moderate)

BD > 10.0 (severe)

Transfusion requirements

    

All blood products/units (n; mean ± SD)

1.5 (6)

4.2 (11.5)

9.4 (17.5)

15.1 (22)

pRBC transfusions/units (n; mean ± SD)

1.1 (3.4)

2.6 (5.8)

5 (8.4)

8.1 (10.9)

FFP transfusions/units (n; mean ± SD)

0.8 (3.1)

2.3 (11.6)

4.1 (7.4)

6.2 (10)

TC transfusion/units (n; mean ± SD)

0.1 (0.5)

0.3 (1.1)

0.6 (1.8)

0.9 (1.8)

TASH Score (points; mean ± SD)

3.1 (3.1)

5.6 (4.0)

10.0 (5.0)

13.5 (5.3)

IV fliuds at ED (ml; mean ± SD)

1498 (1531)

2143 (2075)

2573 (2404)

2964 (2564)

Vasopressors at ED (n; %)

888 (21.9)

1233 (36.1)

690 (52.3)

549 (75.8)

  1. (n = 10,201; p < 0.001 for all parameters).
  2. Abbreviations: pRBC packed red blood cells, FFP fresh frozen plasma, TC thrombocyte concentrate, TASH Trauma-associated severe hemorrhage score, i.v. intravenous, ED Emergency Department.