Table 1 Changes of cardiac-pulmonary functions and hemodilution after hemorrhage and resuscitation with lactated Ringer’s (LR) solution or normal saline (NS) in pigs
Baseline | Resuscitation | 3 h | 6 h | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cardiac output (L/min) | ||||
Control | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 3.6 ± 0.2 |
LR | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.2 |
NS | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 5.9 ± 0.5*§♣ | 4.7 ± 0.3§ | 4.5 ± 0.2§♣ |
Stroke volume (ml/beat) | ||||
Control | 36.5 ± 3.5 | 36.8 ± 2.2 | 36.8 ± 3.7 | 35.5 ± 3.9 |
LR | 41.4 ± 3.3 | 24.9 ± 1.6*§♣ | 21.4 ± 2.3*§ | 24.7 ± 2.1*§ |
NS | 38.2 ± 4.9 | 45.7 ± 4.7 | 38.1 ± 3.3 | 40.1 ± 3.3 |
Total Peripheral resistance (mm Hg/(L/min)) | ||||
Control | 20.4 ± 1.4 | 18.6 ± 2.0 | 17.3 ± 2.6 | 17.7 ± 1.3 |
LR | 22.9 ± 1.0 | 17.7 ± 0.9* | 17.9 ± 1.3* | 17.4 ± 0.7* |
NS | 23.1 ± 1.8 | 12.5 ± 1.4*§ | 12.5 ± 0.7*§ | 12.0 ± 0.4*§ |
Hct (%) | ||||
Control | 29.0 ± 0.8% | 28.9 ± 0.9% | 28.0 ± 0.9% | 27.6 ± 1.0% |
LR | 30.2 ± 1.0% | 13.1 ± 0.9%*♣ | 14.0 ± 0.7%*♣ | 14.7 ± 0.6%*♣ |
NS | 29.0 ± 1.0% | 11.6 ± 0.8 %*♣ | 12.5 ± 0.6%*♣ | 12.2 ± 0.7%*♣ |