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Table 6 Methods used to manage unexpected difficult intubations (n = 153)*

From: Pre-hospital advanced airway management by experienced anaesthesiologists: a prospective descriptive study

Method

Number

% of all difficult intubations

Direct laryngoscopy

116

75.8

Bag-valve-mask ventilation

2

1.3

Standard Laryngeal mask

2

1.3

Intubating Laryngeal Mask

6

3.9

Gum-Elastic-Bougie

7

4.6

Airtraq

15

9.8

Surgical Airway

1

0.7

  1. *Not including four cases were the physician used a back-up device as first choice.