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Table 3 Indications for PHAAM* (n = 734)

From: Pre-hospital advanced airway management by experienced anaesthesiologists: a prospective descriptive study

Indication

Number**

%

Existing airway obstruction

28

3.8

Impending airway obstruction

98

13.4

Hypoxia

153

20.8

Ineffective ventilation

160

21.8

Cardiac arrest

398

54.2

Anesthesia for pain relief or distress

14

1.9

Anesthesia to combative or agitated patient

28

3.8

Decreased level of consciousness

347

47.3

Other indications

45

6.1

  1. *Pre-hospital advanced airway management.
  2. **Patients may have more than one indication for PHAAM.