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Table 4 Comparison of the proportions of correct completion of CPR steps among children and adults*

From: Push hard, push fast: quasi-experimental study on the capacity of elementary schoolchildren to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Steps

Critical performance steps

Children- % (95%CI)

Adults - % (95%CI)

p-value

Kappa (95%CI)

1

Checks for response

85.0 (77.0-93.3)

55.0 (31.1-78.9)

0.003

0.83 (0.65-1.00)

2

Activates EMS/ambulance

55.0 (43.9-66.1)

60.0 (36.5-83.5)

0.69

0.79 (0.67-0.91)

3

Opens airway

72.5 (62.5-82.5)

55.0 (31.1-78.9)

0.13

0.84 (0.70-0.94)

4

Checks breathing 3 seconds

62.5 (51.7-73.3)

50.0 (26.0-74.0)

0.31

0.72 (0.55-0.88)

5

Gives 2 breaths

66.3 (55.7-76.8)

55.0 (31.1-78.9)

0.35

0.83 (0.70-0.96)

6

Locates CPR hand position

96.3 (92.0-100.0)

95.0 (84.5-100.0)

0.80

0.31 (−0.19-0.81)

7

Delivers 25–35 compressions

96.3 (92.0-100.0)

100.0

0.38

0.52 (0.16-0.88)

8

Opens airway

76.3 (66.7-85.8)

85.0 (67.9-100.0)

0.40

0.68 (0.48-0.88)

9

Gives 2 breaths

75.0 (65.3-84.7)

75.0 (54.2-95.8)

1.0

0.82 (0.68-0.97)

10

Repeats 3 cycles of compressions

80.0 (71.0-89.0)

100.0

0.03

0.33 (0.12-0.54)

11

Opens airway

66.3 (55.7-76.8)

80.0 (60.8-99.2)

0.23

0.53 (0.34-0.73)

12

Gives 2 breaths between the compressions cycles

61.3 (50.3-72.2)

65.0 (42.1-87.9)

0.78

0.81 (0.67-0.94)

13

Locates CPR hand position for each cycle

91.3 (84.9-97.6)

100.0

0.17

0.64 (0.32-0.97)

  1. * Two-group proportion Z-test at a two-sided significance level of 0.05.