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Table 3 Observed DRPs

From: Drug - related emergency department visits by elderly patients presenting with non-specific complaints

Involved organ system

Involved drugs

Electrolytes

 

  Hyponatremia

Thiazide diuretics (14), Non-thiazide diuretics (2), Anticonvulsants (2), Antidepressants± (2), ACE/ARB blockers (1)

  Hypokalemia

Non-thiazide diuretics (3), Thiazide diuretics (1)

  Hyperkalemia

ACE/ARB blockers (1)

Cardiovascular

 

  Bradycardia

Beta blockers (1)

  Hypotension

Beta blockers (1)

  Acute heart failure

NSAID (1)

  Hypovolemia/orthostatic dysregulation

Thiazide diuretics (7), Non-thiazide diuretics (4),

Kidney

 

  Hypovolemia, prerenal azotemia

Non-thiazide diuretics (3), thiazide diuretics (1)

  Acute kidney injury

ACE/ARB blockers (1), NSAID (3)

Coagulation system

 

  Intracranial hemorrhage

Vitamin-K antagonists (1)

Gastrointestinal

 

  Nausea

Opioids (1), Antibiotics (1), Interferon γ (1)

  Gastric ulcer/Gastritis

NSAID (2)

Central nervous system

 

  Aggravation of Parkinson’s

Underdosing Anti-Parkinson drugs (1)

  Status epilepticus

Malcompliance anticonvulsants (2)

Hematology

 

  Neutropenic complication

Chemotherapy (1)

  Anemia

Underdosing of Darbepoetin alpha (1)

Endocrine

 

  Diabetes mellitus

Systemic steroids (1)

  Addison

systemic steroids (1)

Other

 

  Overdosing

Opioids (7), Benzodiazepines (5), Anticonvulsants (3), Neuroleptics (1)

  Falls

Neuroleptic (1)

  Tumor lysis syndrome

Chemotherapy (1)

  Abusus

Laxatives (1)

  1. In 7 cases, the DRP was caused by more than one drug class. In 2 cases, one drug caused more than one DRP.
  2. ±SSRI, SNRI, Tricyclic antidepressants.
  3. Vital signs within normal range at presentation.