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Table 2 Factors affecting ED LOS for Invasively Ventilated Non-Trauma Patients

From: Emergency department length of stay for patients requiring mechanical ventilation: a prospective observational study

 

Discharge

ED Alive

Univariate

Multivariate

 

n/N

% [95% CI]

HR [95% CI]

HR [95% CI]

Age

1.0 [1.0–1.0]

1.0 [1.0–1.0]

Male gender

176/192

92 [87–95]

1.0 [0.8–1.2]

1.0 [0.8–1.2]

Triage code

   

CTAS 1

158/177

89 [84–93]

1

1

CTAS 2

116/121

96 [91–98]

0.8 [0.6–1.1]

0.8 [0.6–1.3]

CTAS 3

17/19

89 [69–97]

0.4 [0.3–0.6]

0.3 [0.2–0.4]

Location of intubation

   

Study ED

215/228

94 [90–97]

1

1

Other ED

25/25

100 [−]

6.1 [3.0–12.3]

8.4 [5.4–12.9]

EMS

43/56

77 [64–86]

1.3 [0.8–2.1]

1.5 [1.0–2.4]

Reason for ventilation

    

Respiratory/cardiac

112/117

96 [90–98]

1

1

Neurological

116/120

97 [92–99]

1.2 [0.8–1.7]

0.9 [0.7–1.2]

Cardiac arrest

44/60

73 [61–83]

0.8 [0.4–1.6]

0.9 [0.5–1.8]

Other

19/20

95 [76–99]

1.0 [0.7–1.4]

1.0 [0.8–1.2]

  1. ED = emergency department, HR = hazard ratio, CI = confidence interval, CTAS = Canadian triage and acuity scale, EMS = emergency medical services
  2. n/N refers to the number of patients with the identified characteristic (e.g. male gender) that were discharged alive from the ED out of the total number of patients in the study with the same characteristic.
  3. A hazard ratio of >1 reflects a greater likelihood of discharge and hence a shorter length of stay.