Table 2 Study definition of an immediate life-saving intervention

1.

Airway and breathing support, including intubation or emergent noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.

2.

Electrical therapy, including defibrillation, emergent cardioversion, or external pacing.

3.

Procedures, including chest needle decompression, pericardiocentesis, or open thoracotomy.

4.

Hemodynamic support, including significant intravenous fluid resuscitation in the setting of hypotension, blood administration, or control of major bleeding.

5.

Emergency medications, including naloxone, dextrose, atropine, adenosine, epinephrine, or vasopressors