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Table 1 Screening protocols for BCVI diagnosis: original Memphis [2] and (italic format) modified criteria

From: Diagnosis of carotid arterial injury in major trauma using a modification of Memphis criteria

Screening protocol criteria

Basilar skull fracture with involvement of the carotid canal

Basilar skull fracture with involvement of petrous bone

Cervical spine fracture

Neurological exam not explained by brain imaging

Horner's syndrome

LeFort II or III fracture pattern

Neck soft tissue injury (seatbelt sign or hanging or hematoma)