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Table 2 Pertinent reconstructive options, based on location
| Upper third | Uretero-ureterostomy (Fig. 3) |
| Ureteropyelostomy | |
| Middle third | Uretero-ureterostomy |
| Transuretero-ureterostomy (Fig. 4) | |
| Anterior wall bladder flap (Boari) (Fig. 5) | |
| Lower third | Ureteroneocystostomy (direct reimplantation) |
| Ureteroneocystostomy (psoas hitch) (Fig. 6) |
